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SP1

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SP1 is a RISC-V based zero-knowledge virtual machine which allows developers to easily prove an execution of any Rust program.

Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Rust
Go
Maximum Bounty
$100,000
Live Since
21 September 2026
Last Updated
13 October 2026
  • Runnable PoC Required

Rewards

SP1 provides rewards in USDC on Ethereum, denominated in USD.

Rewards by Threat Level

Blockchain/DLT
Critical
Max: $100,000Min: $15,000
Primacy of Impact
High
Max: $15,000Min: $2,000
Primacy of Impact
Medium
Max: $2,000Min: $1,000
Primacy of Impact
Critical Reward Calculation

Reward amount is 10% of the funds directly affected, capped at the maximum critical reward of:

$100,000

Minimum reward to discourage security researchers from withholding a bug report:

$15,000
The reward is dependent on the ratio between the funds at risk, which includes all affected projects on top of the respective blockchain/DLT, and the market cap according to the average between CoinMarketCap.com and CoinGecko.com, calculated at the time the bug report is submitted.

Primacy of Impact vs Primacy of Rules

Primacy of Impact means that the impact is prioritized rather than a specific asset. This encourages security researchers to report on all bugs with an in-scope impact, even if the affected assets are not in scope.

For more information, please see Best Practices: Primacy of Impact.

When submitting a report on Immunefi's dashboard, the security researcher should select the Primacy of Impact asset placeholder. If the team behind this project has multiple programs, those other programs are not covered under Primacy of Impact for this program. Instead, check if those other projects have a bug bounty program on Immunefi.

If the project has any testnet and/or mock files, those will not be covered under Primacy of Impact.

All other impacts are considered under the Primacy of Rules, which means that they are bound by the terms and conditions set within this program.

Reward Calculation for Critical Level Reports

For critical Blockchain/DLT bugs, the reward amount is 10% of the funds directly affected, capped at the maximum critical reward $100,000. However, a minimum reward of $15,000 is to be rewarded in order to incentivize security researchers against withholding a bug report.

Rewards Body

SP1 provides rewards in USDC on Ethereum, denominated in USD.

Program Overview

SP1 is a zero-knowledge virtual machine (zkVM) which allows developers to prove an execution of arbitrary Rust (or other LLVM-compiled language) programs. This means

  • A developer can write a normal Rust code, which is then compiled to an ELF.
  • Given the ELF, SP1 sets up a proving key and a verifying key.
  • SP1 zkVM generates a proof on the execution of the Rust code using the proving key.
  • The verifying key can be used to verify the generated proof.

Audits

Completed audit reports for this project can be found at the links below.

Any unpatched or unresolved vulnerabilities disclosed in these reports are not eligible for rewards.

Auditor
List of Previous Audits
Completed at
10 September 2026

Known Issues

Reports covering previously identified bugs listed below are not eligible for rewards under this program.

This includes:

  • Known issues that the project is aware of, even if no fix or code changes have been implemented.
  • Issues the project has consciously decided not to remediate.
  • Cases where operational mitigations or procedures have been implemented to reduce potential risk.
Category
Blockchain/DLT
Description / Link
Security Advisories
Last Updated At
9 September 2026
Category
Blockchain/DLT
Description / Link
Previous Bug Bounty Submissions
Last Updated At
9 September 2026
Category
Blockchain/DLT
Description / Link
List of Publicly Known Issues
Last Updated At
10 September 2026

KYC not required

No KYC information is required for payout processing.

Proof of Concept

Proof of concept is always required for all severities.

Responsible Publication

Category 3: Approval Required

Prohibited Activities

Default prohibited activities
  • Any testing on mainnet or public testnet deployed code; all testing should be done on local-forks of either public testnet or mainnet
  • Any testing with pricing oracles or third-party smart contracts
  • Attempting phishing or other social engineering attacks against our employees and/or customers
  • Any testing with third-party systems and applications (e.g. browser extensions) as well as websites (e.g. SSO providers, advertising networks)
  • Any denial of service attacks that are executed against project assets
  • Automated testing of services that generates significant amounts of traffic
  • Public disclosure of an unpatched vulnerability in an embargoed bounty
  • Any other actions prohibited by the Immunefi Rules

Feasibility Limitations

The project may be receiving reports that are valid (the bug and attack vector are real) and cite assets and impacts that are in scope, but there may be obstacles or barriers to executing the attack in the real world. In other words, there is a question about how feasible the attack really is. Conversely, there may also be mitigation measures that projects can take to prevent the impact of the bug, which are not feasible or would require unconventional action and hence, should not be used as reasons for downgrading a bug's severity.

Therefore, Immunefi has developed a set of feasibility limitation standards which by default states what security researchers, as well as projects, can or cannot cite when reviewing a bug report.