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Stacks

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Stacks is a Bitcoin layer for smart contracts; it enables smart contracts and decentralized applications to use Bitcoin as an asset and settle transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain. Stacks is secured by the entire hash power of Bitcoin, giving it Bitcoin finality.

Stacks
Bitcoin
Blockchain
L1
Rust
Bitcoin Script
Clarity
Maximum Bounty
$250,000
Live Since
31 March 2022
Last Updated
25 June 2026
  • Triaged by Immunefi

  • PoC Required

  • KYC required

  • Arbitration enabled

Select the category you'd like to explore

Assets in Scope

Target
Name
sBTC signer implementation
Added on
30 April 2025
Target
Name
sBTC Emily implementation
Added on
30 April 2025
Target
Name
sBTC contracts
Added on
30 April 2025
Target
Name
Main Stacks blockchain repository
Added on
10 May 2022
Target
Name
Node implementation
Added on
16 September 2025
Target
Name
Blockchain shared libraries
Added on
15 April 2024
Target
Name
Costs contract
Added on
10 May 2022
Target
Name
Lockup contract
Added on
10 May 2022
Target
Name
POX contract
Added on
10 May 2022
Target
Name
sBTC signer implementation
Added on
30 April 2025
Target
Name
Signer implementation
Added on
7 April 2026
Target
Name
Clarity VM implementation
Added on
7 April 2026

Impacts in Scope

Severity
Critical
Title

Manipulation of governance voting result deviating from voted outcome and resulting in a direct change from intended effect of original results

Severity
Critical
Title

Direct theft of any user funds, whether at-rest or in-motion, other than unclaimed yield

Severity
Critical
Title

Permanent freezing of funds

Severity
Critical
Title

Any network to shut down or otherwise not confirm new valid transactions for multiple miner tenures

Severity
Critical
Title

Any chain split caused by different nodes processing the same block or transaction and yielding different results

Severity
Critical
Title

Any confirmation of an invalid transaction, such as with an incorrect nonce

Severity
Critical
Title

Any loss of user funds by permanent freezing or theft

Severity
Critical
Title

Any loss of governance funds (limited to .cost-vote)

Severity
Critical
Title

Any triggering of a deep fork of 3 or more miner tenures without spending the requisite Bitcoin

Severity
Critical
Title

Any causing the direct loss of funds

Severity
High
Title

Unintended chain split (network partition)

Severity
High
Title

Theft of unclaimed yield

Out of scope

Program's Out of Scope information

Please review open PRs before your submission as all duplicate attacks are considered “Out of Scope”.

  • Any attacks on 3rd party services, including but not limited to AWS or Datadog.
  • Any sub-optimal default configuration changes.
  • Any phishing, social engineering, or related attacks against the Stacks ecosystem or any members or customers thereof.
  • Any attempt of phishing or other social engineering attacks against any Stacks ecosystem member.
  • Any reporting of findings that are already public or known to us, including but not limited to: open Github PRs and issues; previous findings reported by other researchers; findings discovered during currently-active third-party security assessments; and duplicated results of concluded assessments as posted here: https://stacks.org/audits. Novel methods of attack leading to an already-documented impact are allowed.
  • Any testing of third-party components.
    • If it’s not listed as in-scope, it’s safe to assume you shouldn’t be testing or relying on it.
    • If you disagree, feel free to explain why in your submission but DO NOT continue testing with our explicit written approval.
  • (If applicable to funds) Any actual theft or freeze of funds.
  • Any findings requiring access to or the cooperation of a Bitcoin miner.
  • Any theoretical attacks without substantial evidence and supporting documentation.
  • Any failure to provide any information requested in the above reporting template.
  • Any failure to use the given public GPG key to encrypt sensitive information.
  • Any negative or hostile behavior towards the Stacks ecosystem or members thereof, including but not limited to abuse of the ImmuneFi mediation process, initiation of direct contact with any Stacks ecosystem member via any communications method outside of ImmuneFi, and any form of coercion, harassment, threats, intimidation, stalking, or extortion.
    • This also includes repeatedly asking for multiple status updates - we promise we have eyes on your report.
  • Any automated scanner findings or fuzz test results without an associated functional proof-of-concept.
  • Any testing on mainnet or public testnet
  • Any active exploitation of a reported vulnerability beyond the absolute minimum required to prove the validity of your proof-of-concept code.
    • You must not attack any other users under any circumstances. Test on your own addresses or contracts.
  • Any public disclosure of a reported issue, including via CVE number assignment.
  • Any failure to abide by any rules, requirements, or obligations as detailed above.
  • Any bugs related to secp256r1 high-S signatures (secp256r1-verify will reject high-S signatures)
  • Any report involving a node attacking an event observer over a local network is out of scope, to include:
    • Vulnerabilities whose root cause lies solely in a third-party or custom event observer implementation.
    • HTTP requests that may trigger a local denial of service (including event observers like the stacks-signer binary).
  • Reports concerning vulnerabilities that are already publicly known at the time of submission are out of scope, including:
    • Issues currently tracked in the stacks-core GitHub issue tracker (open or closed).
    • Vulnerabilities described or referenced in open or closed pull requests in the stacks-core repository.
    • Bugs disclosed in CVEs, security advisories, or other public forums.
    • Note: If your report demonstrates a materially higher severity impact or a novel exploit path for a known issue, please note this explicitly — such reports may be considered on a case-by-case basis. -For Blockchain/DLT reports, please note, attacks are restricted to the Stacks blockchain RPC/P2P ports
Default Out of Scope and rules

All categories

  • Impacts requiring attacks that the reporter has already exploited themselves, leading to damage
  • Impacts caused by attacks requiring access to leaked keys/credentials
  • Impacts caused by attacks requiring access to privileged addresses (including, but not limited to: governance and strategist contracts) without additional modifications to the privileges attributed
  • Impacts relying on attacks involving the depegging of an external stablecoin where the attacker does not directly cause the depegging due to a bug in code
  • Mentions of secrets, access tokens, API keys, private keys, etc. in Github will be considered out of scope without proof that they are in-use in production
  • Best practice recommendations
  • Feature requests
  • Impacts on test files and configuration files unless stated otherwise in the bug bounty program
  • Impacts requiring phishing or other social engineering attacks against project's employees and/or customers